CST3 and acute coronary syndrome: Yin et al[12] showed that probucol can decrease the incidence of CIAKI in patients at high-risk of CIAKI with acute coronary syndrome undergoing primary or emergency angioplasty (4.2% vs 21.3%, P < .001), and the incidence of cystatin C-based CIAKI was significantly lower in the probucol than control group (29.2% vs 51.9%, respectively; P < .001).