CD274 and neoplasm: PD‐L1 expression rate as reported in ESCC ranges from 41.9% to 84.5%.6 PD‐L1 positivity in tumor cells and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells has shown prognostic value.57 It has been reported that the expression of PD‐L1 in tumor cells and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells is significantly associated with good overall survival, however, some reports are just the opposite.6, 8, 37, 42, 58, 59 The better the tumor differentiation, the negative lymph node metastasis and the early stage tumors have a higher expression rate of PD‐L1.