TNF and coronary artery disorder: For example, tissue ECE activity is correlated with coronary artery disease (Nguyen et al. 2010), while ECE-1 activity was show to be upregulated during buccal mucosal ulcer (Slomiany et al. 2000) and gastric ulcer (Slomiany and Slomiany 2005) in rats and accompanied by the induction of TNF-α and apoptosis.