CS and breast carcinoma: We have observed increased levels of the metabolites nicotinamide and citric acid cycle (TCA) intermediates citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate, malate, fumarate and succinate (Supplementary Table 4) along with over-expression of citrate synthase (CISY) and nicotinamidephosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) in ERneg breast cancer patients (Supplementary Table 5).