In conclusion, we propose that Gal-3 plays an important pro-inflammatory role in N. aromaticivorans induced autoimmune cholangitis probably due to dominant role of inflammasome in N. aromaticivorans induced activation of dendritic cells and macrophages, resulting in activation of other players in PBC pathogenesis, in particular IL-17 containing NK, NKT, and T cells. This evidence concerns the gene IL17A and primary biliary cholangitis.