Recently, Macia et al. have shown that dietary fiber induces non-hematopoietic activation of the NLRP3, but not NLRP6, inflammasome resulting in enhanced caspase-1 activity, IL-18 secretion and improved disease outcome while an activating mutation in Nlrp3- Nlrp3R258W - was associated with increased resistance to colitis and CRC due to inflammasome-IL-1β-dependent remodeling of the microbiota (241, 242). The gene discussed is NLRP6; the disease is colitis.