MADCAM1 and neoplasm: Down-regulation of several adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1/2, VCAM-1, E-selectin, P-selectin, and MAdCAM-1 has been reported in tumor-associated vessels in various human malignancies (104–109) which is at least partly due to high levels of angiogenic factors such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the tumor microenvironment (105, 110).