TCN2 and infection: Many studies have tried to mimic the human maternal-fetal T. cruzi transmission in experimental models with rare offspring infections (Carlier and Truyens, 2015), but some studies with TcI, TcII and TcVI strains revealed that infected pups were obtained only from acutely infected mice with Y and Tulahuen strains which were TcII and TcVI, respectively (Cencig et al., 2013).