The comprehensive pathway-network analysis of multiple sets of proteomic data in PAs (120–124) reveals that MAPK signaling abnormalities, including ERK-MAPK signaling pathway, are significantly associated with PAs (125), and that some important molecules such as ERK, p38, JNK, Ras, Akt, NF-kB, TNF, and TGFb1 in MAPK signaling pathway network are identified in human PAs. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and gonorrhea.