Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes including familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome and Muckle–Wells syndrome; tumor necrosis factor receptor associated periodic syndrome (TRAPS); hyperimmunoglobulin D Syndrome (HIDS)/mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) and familial Mediterranean fever (FMF). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome.