TBK1 and Insulin resistance: Moreover, a high fat diet can positively modulate TBK1 gene expression in the liver and white adipose tissue (Chiang et al., 2009) whilst its accumulation in lipid rafts of hypothalamic neurons disrupts IR activation as well as AKT signaling, suggesting a potential role of TBK1 in brain insulin resistance (Delint-Ramirez et al., 2015).