INS and metabolic disease: Although it is clear that central insulin signaling and the regulation of autophagy are relevant to a host of diverse neurodegenerative disorders, which is supported by several studies including pharmacological inhibition, animal models, genetic strategies and patients, as well as by the link between metabolic disorders and the development of some neurodegenerative diseases, it is still hard to define statements as data from literature is controversial and the underlying mechanisms as well as the possible benefits of autophagy modulation seem to be specific for each disorder.