The latter definition was chosen as we previously used this definition when investigating links between copeptin and insulin sensitivity in a Swedish middle-aged population [7], whereas a HOMA-IR >3.8 was chosen as this cut-off level was previously shown to have very good sensitivity and specificity in a Hispanic population with very similar prevalence of insulin resistance as in our population (39% insulin resistance in the Hispanic population, 34% in our population if using the HOMA-IR >3.8 definition) [35]. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.