Although during viral infection Park2−/− cells exhibit the increased release of ox-mtDNA (Figure 5D), much more nuclear acids from virus can mask the effect of more mtDNA release by Parkin deficiency on cGAS-sting activation, which might explain why Parkin does not regulate mtDNA-cGAS-STING axis-mediated IFN production after viral infection. Here, STING1 is linked to viral infectious disease.