Such differences in cell- and animal-based infection approaches are reconciled by previous studies that have shown inflammasome-related cytokines, such as IL-1β and IL-18, to induce the production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (Brabcova et al., 2014, Cahill and Rogers, 2008, McGeough et al., 2012, Yoo et al., 2005). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is infection.