PTEN and Familial prostate cancer: A recent systematic review noted that, in addition to genetic alterations in the PIK3CA/Akt1/PTEN pathway, prognosis in prostate cancer may be associated with alterations in genes controlling DNA methylation, such as those at the glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) and the familial protein 1 isoform A (RASSF1A) loci, and in androgen regulation, such as TMPRSS2 and ERG [25].