CRS is associated with elevated circulating levels of several cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-8 (IL-8). Here, CXCL8 is linked to congenital rubella syndrome.