To directly test whether manipulating eIF4E levels affects viral translation we depleted eIF4E levels approximately 10-fold using a peptide-conjugated morpholino (PPMO) and measured the rates of VSV-LWT and VSV-LG1607A viral protein synthesis by a 10-minute pulse of [35S]-methionine at various times post-infection (Fig 7D–7F). Here, EIF4E is linked to infection.