IFNG and Alzheimer disease: As canine AD is an inflammatory related-skin disease, we next examined a panel of cytokines of including TH2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13 and IL-31), TH1 cytokine IFN-γ, anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10 and TGF- β1), and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α by ELISA.