COL12A1 and pancreatic intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm: RNF43 is a RING‐type E3 ubiquitin ligase whose loss‐of‐function mutation can activate the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and is commonly mutated in IPMN and in other tumors.25, 39 Other recurrently mutated genes were COL12A1, which encodes the alpha chain of type XII collagen, and MUC17 which encodes a protective membrane‐bound mucin to gut epithelial cells and has been reported as highly expressed in PDAC as well as a marker for poor prognosis.40 Both COL12A1 and MUC17 were mutated in three samples (9.38%).