EPCAM and carcinoma: In some carcinoma types (thyroid, renal clear cell, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas), EpCAM immunostaining has been associated with improved survival [42, 43], whereas in other carcinoma types like pancreas, bladder, gall bladder, gastric, NasoPharynx Carcinoma, EpCAM expression is associated with decreased survival [44, 45].