PFKM and familial pancreatic carcinoma: In pancreatic cancer, KRAS upregulates GLUT1 (glucose transporter 1), as well as HK1 (hexokinase 1), HK2 (hexokinase 2), PFK1 (phosphofructokinase 1) and LDHA (lactate dehydrogenase A), which are key enzymes for the glycolytic processes (Figure 1).