TNF and Alzheimer disease: Third, Jiang Liu et al. [69] reported that rhein lysinate, an active component of Rheum tanguticum Maxim, significantly reduced the β-Amyloid precursor protein (APP) of AD model rats by improving the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1); it also decreased the expression of TNF-α and IL-6, reduced the levels of ROS, and increased the levels of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and SOD in AD rats.