EGF and cancer: For example, M1‐like macrophage‐derived TNF‐α can promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in latent tumor cells that can damage various proto‐oncogenes and antioncogenes, such as p53.55 Moreover, the EGF and IL‐6 induced STAT3 (signal transduction and transcription activator 3) activation will finally result in tumor formation.56 In contrast, others demonstrated that large amount of proinflammatory molecules from M1‐like macrophages are involved in killing cancer cells.57