More and more evidences have revealed that TGF‐β mediated signaling is closely relevant with the activation of their receptors (TGF‐BR1 and TGF‐BR2) and Smad‐dependent transcription factors (Smad1/5/8, Smad2/3 and Smad4).127 Aside from TAMs, TGF‐β are also liberated from other immune cells, as well as cancer cells and stromal cells in tumor microenvironment. Here, TGFB1 is linked to cancer.