HAS1 and Insulin resistance: In addition to decreasing the expression of inflammatory cytokines implicated in inflammation-induced insulin resistance and hyperglycemia12,13, cold exposure also increases the expression of various type 2 cytokines and ECM-components and enzymes, such as collagens, lysyl-oxidases, and the hyaluronan-producing enzyme hyaluronan synthase 1 (Has1) in ATM1.