AKT1 and chordoma: Ras/PI3K/AKT pathway activators, mainly RTKs including EGFR and KDR, are frequently found to be activated or copy number-amplified in chordoma patients (Akhavan-Sigari et al., 2014a,b,c; de Castro et al., 2013; Fischer et al., 2015; Miettinen et al., 2012; Presneau et al., 2009; Tamborini et al., 2006).