TGFB1 and colonic neoplasm: Since, the majority of MSS colon patients were in CMS2 and CMS4 subtypes, it was expected that Wnt-β-catenin and TGFβ signaling pathways were enhanced in MSS subtype colon cancer patients (Fig. 3a) and TGFβ signaling associated genes TGFBR2 and TGFBI was highly expressed in CMS4 subtypes of colon cancer (Fig. 5c), particularly compared with CMS1 subtype.