P47phox KO mice also had decreased protein levels of HMGB1 (Fig. 12Ai–iv,B), a damaged associated molecular protein known to cause inflammatory pathology downstream of NLRP3 inflammasome activation when compared to Chow + MC and NAFLD + MC groups respectively (P < 0.05). This evidence concerns the gene NCF1 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.