Additional studies have demonstrated that deletion HO-1 specifically in the proximal tubule of the kidney worsens cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury through regulation of cleaved caspase-3 and modulation of p38 signaling while overexpression of HO-1 in the proximal tubule protects against cisplatin-induced acute renal injury by decreasing the levels of cleaved caspase-3 [99]. Here, CASP3 is linked to acute kidney injury.