A more direct relationship between OXPHOS disruption and diabetes has also come from the mouse model, where disruption of the CR6-interacting factor 1 protein, which is required for the proper synthesis and insertion of ETC proteins into the inner mitochondrial membrane) leads not only to decreased OXPHOS activity, but also to failure of the beta cells and diabetes [32]. The gene discussed is GADD45GIP1; the disease is diabetes mellitus.