Accordingly, since plasma PlGF, but not VEGF-A, was associated with obesity in PDAC and BC patient samples as well as in mouse models, consistent with this notion, plgf−/− null mice reproduced exactly the phenotype of the vegfr1-(TK-) mice on improving the immune environment and reducing tumor growth in the obese setting [174]. The gene discussed is PGF; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.