Previous studies identified that suboptimal adherence, adverse drug reactions [15, 16], higher pre-treatment (baseline) HIV viral load level, baseline World Health Organization (WHO) AIDS stage 3 or 4, CD4 lymphocyte count < 50 cells/mm3, low body mass index (BMI), drug interactions and dyspepsia as an important risk factors for treatment failure [17–22]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and AIDS.