There is growing evidence that the blockade of extracellular HMGB1 exhibits encouraging therapeutic effects on inflammatory diseases including NAFLD (Afrin et al. 2017; Entezari et al. 2014; Zhang et al. 2013a; Zeng et al. 2015), indicating that HMGB1 is a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for these diseases. The gene discussed is HMGB1; the disease is metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.