CSF2 and viral infectious disease: An important observation of the study was the correlation of IL-17F, IP-10, sTNFRII, MCP-1, and GM-CSF with the density of EV-positive cells in the lamina propria of the small bowel mucosa, which suggests the predominance of the Th1 and Th17 immune responses to environmental factors like viral infection in CD and T1D patients.