Plasma HO1 concentrations were significantly increased in new-T2DM patients compared to controls and correlated with plasma glucose levels [110] (Table 1); increased urine HO1 levels were detected in T2DM before the onset of significant albuminuria and were associated with renal derangement in patients with established diabetic nephropathy [111] (Table 2). This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.