MLKL and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Figure 3(a) reveals that necroptosis was activated in livers of HFD-fed mice. After IRI, necroptosis was further activated, exhibiting the upregulation of necroptotic markers (RIP1, RIP3, and MLKL). This finding suggested that necroptosis was further activated by IRI (Figure 3(b)). Moreover, immunofluorescence staining of RIP3 further indicated that necroptosis was activated in NAFLD with or without IRI (Figure 3(c)).