The first PD-1/PD-Ls disrupting agent approved for the treatment of solid tumors was the anti-PD-1 nivolumab; subsequently, several PD-1/PD-Ls blockers have been introduced in clinical practice and many others are currently under investigations across different solid and hematologic malignancies, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), melanoma, head&neck cancer, renal cell carcinoma and urothelial carcinoma, and high-grade Hodgkin's lymphoma. Here, LIAS is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.