IRAK1 and infection: Infection with JEV upregulated miR-146a, which was associated with the gene expression downregulation of TRAF6, IRAK1, IRAK2, and STAT1. The exogenous overexpression of miR-146a suppressed NF-κB activation and decreased the Jak-STAT pathway activity associated with JEV infection, which in turn led to the downregulation of interferon-stimulated genes (IFIT-1 and IFIT-2) and ultimately facilitated viral replication.