ACE and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In addition, several other candidate genes that are often related to cardiometabolic risk factors have been associated with cognitive phenotypes in aging, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene, cholesterol 24-hydroxylase gene, fat and obesity-associated FTO gene, and insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) gene (Guerreiro et al., 2012; Reitz et al., 2012; Schrijvers et al., 2012; Zettergren et al., 2017; Haithem et al., 2018).