PC and cancer: The pattern of changes in metabolic regulatory genes induced by hIAPP toxicity was indeed reminiscent of that in cancer cells, with upregulation of genes involved in glycolysis (lactate dehydrogenase C, LDHC; phosphofructokinase L, PFKL; pyruvate kinase M2, PKM2 and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase fructose 2,6 biphosphatase, PFKFB3) and downregulation of those engaged in the TCA cycle (pyruvate carboxylase, PC; malate dehydrogenase, MDH; fumarate hydratase, FH; succinate dehydrogenase, SDH) (Fig. 1).