Given that Ran and RhoA colocalized to the PM/ruffles of TOV-112D cells (Fig. 1g) and Ran forms a complex with RhoA (Figs 1h, 2c), we reasoned that Ran could recruit RhoA to the PM/ruffles, allowing spatially restricted activation of RhoA signaling in migrating cancer cells. This evidence concerns the gene RAN and cancer.