Both HIF-1α and TLR9 were extensively upregulated in the DCM human heart (n = 3) and WT mice heart in peri-infarct area (n = 6) at day 14 post-MI, as well as HIF-1α+/TLR9+cells (Fig. 5a). The gene discussed is TLR9; the disease is familial dilated cardiomyopathy.