HTRA2 and ductal breast carcinoma in situ: By transwell assay, HTRA2 overexpression did not affect basal level DCIS.com invasion, but did inhibit CCL2-induced invasion (Fig. 9D), associated with increased E-cadherin expression and decreased TWIST1 expression (Fig. 9E,F) In summary, these data indicate that in parental DCIS.com cells, HTRA2 negatively regulates CCL2-induced growth and invasion.