Although both ttIL-12 and wtIL-12 significantly increased levels of CCL5, which recruits CD8+ T cells into tumors, ttIL-12 treatment was more effective than wtIL-12 treatment in increasing tumor levels of IFNγ and decreasing tumor levels of CCL22 and CXCL2 (Additional file 1: Figure S6B), chemokines that recruit Tregs and MDSCs, respectively. Here, CCL5 is linked to neoplasm.