CD8A and neoplasm: Similarly, ttIL-12 + S increased numbers of NKG2D+CD8+ T cells in livers of LM8 tumor–bearing mice (Additional file 1: Figure S5A), showing that ttIL-12 + S induced its greater anti-metastatic effect, compared with wtIL-12 + S, through activating non-exhausting CD8+ T cells.