For example, the pro-angiogenic effects of other growth factors or cytokines up-regulated in the RV by CH-PH in the presence of SU5416 (e.g., TGF-β, TNF-α; Tables 2 and 3) might mitigate effects of VEGFR-2 inhibition in vivo, but are not present in the in vitro model. Here, TNF is linked to cyclic hematopoiesis.