In order to compare levels of IL-1β in serum samples of epileptic to those of healthy dogs, Kruskal–Wallis test for unequal sample size was performed and showed that both idiopathic as well as structural epilepsy dogs had higher levels of IL-1β in serum than healthy dogs (p = 0.003; Fig. 1a). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is structural epilepsy.