Individuals with obesity exhibited higher body weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA index), plasma insulin, leptin, TG, and fT4 while glucose, HDL-cholesterol and vitamin-D levels were reduced compared with age-matched and gender-matched individuals with normal weight (Table 1). Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.