In the study presented by Liao et al. TGF-β1, MMP3, Smad2 and invasive cells were reduced after exposure to a blocker of TGF-β1, showing that TGF-β1 and MMP3 are main actors in lung cancer invasiveness and share a potentially procarcinogenetic pathway [63]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and lung carcinoma.