Therefore, the main aim of this study was to evaluate cytokine/chemokine profiles,with a particular focus on IL-6, in paired serum and CSF samples of patients in theacute phase of AQP4-Ab and MOG-Ab-associated CNS demyelinating diseases incomparison to MS and anti-NMDAR encephalitis and to unravel their utility asbiomarkers to distinguish Ab-mediated conditions from MS. The gene discussed is AQP4; the disease is encephalitis.