TNF-α is not expressed in normal cardiomyocytes, but after myocardial infarction, the ischemia and anoxia activate cardiomyocytes and myocardial mononuclear macrophages, which will produce large amounts of TNF-α in the myocardium in the infarcted zone and the infarction border zone [43]. Here, TNF is linked to myocardial infarction.