FMO3 activation and the derived high levels of TMAO are strictly linked to an alteration of reverse cholesterol transport [152, 172], to facilitated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia (defined as increased levels of very-low-density lipoprotein- (VLDL-) and LDL-cholesterol) [152, 159, 172], to overexpression of TNF-α, IL6, CRP [162, 167], and insulin resistance [152, 159], and finally to the promotion of atherosclerosis [129, 152–154, 158, 159]. Here, TNF is linked to atherosclerosis.