Recent results from the large European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) including over 1 80 000 men provide increasing evidence that PSA screening has led to reduced mortality.4 This report showed that PSA screening without digital rectal examination (DRE) was associated with a 21% relative reduction in the death rate from prostate cancer at a median follow-up of 11 years, with an absolute reduction of about 7 prostate cancer deaths per 10 000 men screened. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and Familial prostate cancer.